Concerned About Alcohol Addiction?
Recognising the signs of alcohol addiction isn’t always easy, especially at the beginning. In the early stages, someone may be able to hide their drinking habits from others, or even from themselves. But over time, what starts as occasional or social drinking can become a serious problem. If left untreated, alcohol addiction can take a heavy toll on a person’s physical health, mental well-being, and relationships.1
We know how confusing and overwhelming it can feel to face the possibility of alcohol addiction, whether it’s your own or someone you care about. This guide is here to help you understand what alcohol dependence really is, how to spot the signs, and what steps you can take towards recovery.
What is Alcohol Addiction?
Alcohol addiction (also known as alcoholism or alcohol use disorder) is when drinking becomes a harmful, ongoing pattern. A person may start to rely on alcohol to feel normal, cope with stress, or get through the day. They may try to cut back or stop, but find themselves returning to drinking again and again.
Someone living with alcoholism might feel a strong, persistent urge to drink and struggle to control how much they consume. When they’re not drinking, they may feel anxious, low, or irritable. These mood changes are often signs that the body and brain have started to depend on alcohol.
Over time, alcohol can physically change the way the brain works. This can lead to compulsive behaviours that are hard to control, even when the person knows alcohol is causing harm. This is different from casual drinking, where someone can enjoy alcohol occasionally without feeling like they need it to function or feel okay.
Alcoholism as an Illness
Alcohol addiction isn’t simply a bad habit or a lack of willpower; it’s recognised as a chronic illness. That means it’s a long-term condition that can affect both the body and the mind, often getting worse over time if left untreated. Like other chronic diseases, such as diabetes or heart disease, alcohol addiction can be managed with the right support and treatment.
Drinking heavily over months or years can cause serious damage to the body. It increases the risk of long-term health problems, including liver disease, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.1
Alcohol addiction is not just a personal struggle – it’s a global health concern. According to the World Health Organisation, around 400 million people worldwide are affected by alcohol use disorders. In 2019 alone, alcohol was linked to an estimated 2.6 million deaths.
Here in Ireland, the impact is also clear. Official data shows that in 2021, more than 18,000 people were discharged from hospital after being treated for alcohol-related conditions. Every year, alcohol is responsible for over 1,000 deaths across the country.2
What Are the Stages of Addiction
Alcohol addiction often develops gradually, and for many people it can feel like being caught in a cycle that becomes harder to break. Experts often describe this cycle in three main stages:
- Binge/Intoxication: This stage involves heavy or repeated drinking to experience euphoria, reduce stress, or feel more sociable. Alcohol stimulates the brain’s reward system, triggering a release of dopamine which is the chemical linked to pleasure and reinforcement. Over time, the brain starts to associate alcohol with feeling good, making the person more likely to repeat the behaviour in pursuit of the same effect.
- Withdrawal/ Negative Feelings: When the effects of alcohol wear off, the brain struggles to rebalance itself. This can lead to unpleasant emotional and physical symptoms, such as anxiety, low mood, irritability, sweating, or disturbed sleep. These symptoms are the body’s response to the absence of alcohol and can create a strong urge to drink again to feel better.
- Anticipation/Craving: After some time without drinking, cravings can return. A person may find themselves thinking about alcohol a lot or planning when and how to drink next. This preoccupation with alcohol can make it hard to focus on work, relationships, or other important parts of life.
These stages often repeat in a cycle, but not always in a predictable way. Some people move back and forth between stages, or skip them entirely. As alcohol use increases, the time between these stages can shrink – withdrawal symptoms may appear sooner, and cravings may become harder to ignore.1
What Causes Alcohol Addiction?
Addiction is a complex condition; there’s rarely one single cause. Instead, a mix of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors can increase a person’s risk. Some people may be more vulnerable than others, especially when certain risk factors combine or build up over time.
While it’s not always possible to prevent alcohol addiction, being aware of these risk factors can make a difference. Understanding what puts someone at risk can help them take early steps to get support or make changes before the problem becomes more serious.3
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Genetic Factors
Alcohol addiction can run in families. Research suggests that genetics may account for up to 60% of the risk of developing alcohol dependence. If a parent or close relative struggled with alcohol use, it may increase your own chances of facing similar challenges.
But it’s important to remember that genetics is just one piece of the puzzle. Having a family history doesn’t mean you’re destined to become addicted, it simply means you may be more vulnerable, especially if other risk factors are present.3
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Psychological Factors
Mental health plays a big role in alcohol addiction. Mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder can make people more likely to turn to alcohol as a way of coping. Childhood trauma, low self-esteem, and emotional distress can also increase the risk of developing unhealthy drinking patterns.
In some cases, alcohol may seem to help in the short term, but over time it can make mental health symptoms worse, creating a cycle that’s hard to break.3
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Social and Environmental Factors
The world around us has a big influence on drinking habits. Growing up in an environment where alcohol is widely used, or starting to drink at a young age, can normalise alcohol use and make dependence more likely.
Peer pressure, social situations, and the easy availability of alcohol can also play a role. Stressful life events, such as relationship problems, financial strain, or pressure at work, may push someone to drink more often or in larger amounts.1,3
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Addiction
Spotting the signs of alcohol addiction isn’t always straightforward, especially in the early stages. Some behaviours may seem harmless at first or be brushed off as “just drinking a bit too much.” But over time, patterns can develop that point to a deeper problem.
You may notice one or two of these signs at first. What starts as occasional or social drinking can gradually shift into a regular pattern that’s harder to control – especially if alcohol becomes a way of coping with stress, low mood, or anxiety. As alcohol use increases, more symptoms can appear, and the impact can start to spread into different parts of your life.4
Common signs of alcohol dependence include:
- Drinking more often, or in larger amounts, than you planned
- Finding it hard to stop once you’ve started drinking
- Trying to cut down but not being able to
- Craving alcohol or thinking about drinking a lot
- Neglecting work, family, or self-care because of drinking
- Losing interest in hobbies or avoiding social events in favour of drinking alone
- Taking risks while under the influence, such as driving or using machinery
- Noticing health problems caused or worsened by alcohol
- Developing a tolerance (needing more alcohol to feel the same effects)
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you stop drinking alcohol
In the beginning, these signs may be subtle or easy to overlook. But if left unaddressed, they can develop into a more serious alcohol use disorder. Recognising the warning signs early and getting the right support can make recovery more achievable and protect your long-term health.5
Concerned about a loved one?
If you have more questions or are concerned about someone close to you, contact us, today.
The Impact of Alcohol Addiction on Health
If alcohol addiction is left untreated, it can lead to multiple health problems. Some of these issues can be reversed with treatment, especially if caught early. But long-term, heavy drinking can cause lasting damage and in some cases, may even shorten a person’s life.6
The good news is that getting help at any stage can make a difference. It’s never too late to start your recovery journey.
Physical Health Problems
Many people associate alcohol misuse with liver damage – and for good reason. The liver plays a key role in breaking down alcohol, and over time, excessive drinking can overwhelm this process. This can lead to serious health problems like alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
But alcohol affects much more than just the liver. It can lead to:
- Cardiovascular disease – including high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and damage to the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).
- Increased cancer risks – especially stomach, colon, and breast cancer.
- Weakened immune system – making it harder for the body to fight off infections
- Memory problems and other effects on brain function
Mental Health Impacts
Alcohol addiction and mental health are deeply linked. Many people with alcohol dependence also struggle with mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. Sometimes alcohol is used to cope but it often ends up making symptoms worse. Other mental health problems commonly seen alongside alcohol misuse include:7
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Psychosis (losing touch with reality)
- Increased risk of self-harm and suicide
Alcohol addiction and mental health problems often go hand in hand, and one can make the other worse. That’s why it’s important to address both at the same time.
Other Effects
Not all harm from alcohol fits neatly into medical boxes. Drinking too much alcohol can affect judgment, coordination, and decision-making, often leading to risky behaviour. This might include drink driving, unprotected sex, or accidents caused by poor coordination.3,6
In a Case Of Crisis
Data shows that alcohol can increase the risk of suicide by an alarming 800%. If you or someone you know is feeling suicidal, please know that support is available. Talking to a trusted friend, contacting a GP, or reaching out to a helpline such as Samaritans Ireland (freephone 116 123) can provide vital support. If someone has been injured or is in immediate danger, call 112 or 999 to get urgent help.
The Social Impact of Alcohol Addiction
Addiction doesn’t just affect the person drinking – it touches every part of their life, including their relationships, work, and stability. Over time, alcohol misuse can lead to:
- Strained or broken relationships
- Social isolation
- Loss of trust with family or friends
- Poor performance at work or school
- Unemployment
- Financial struggles
- Risk of homelessness5,7
As isolation grows, structure can fall away. Without daily routines like going to work or spending time with loved ones, it becomes easier for alcohol to fill the gaps. This loss of purpose can lead to low mood, worsening the cycle.
But even in the most difficult situations, recovery is possible. Relationships can heal. At Smarmore Castle, we provide treatment that includes family therapy and peer support to help rebuild trust and connection. 5,7
How To Help a Loved One With Alcohol Addiction
Watching someone you care about struggle with alcohol can be painful. It’s natural to feel unsure about what to say or do. But small, compassionate steps can make a big difference. Here are a few tips on how to support a loved one:
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Choose the right time and place to talk
Find a quiet, private setting where you won’t be interrupted. They may not be ready to open up straight away, that’s okay. Keep the conversation open and supportive.
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Listen without judgment
Let them speak without jumping in to criticise or offer solutions too quickly.
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Set clear, respectful boundaries
For example, you might choose not to keep alcohol at home or not to give money that could go towards drinking.
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Avoid enabling
It’s natural to want to help, but shielding someone from the consequences of their drinking can sometimes do more harm than good.
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Encourage treatment
If they’re open to it, offer to help find therapy or attend an appointment with them.
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Take care of your own well-being
The stress of trying to help someone with addiction can be draining. Make sure you have support too – from friends, support groups, or a therapist.
Ultimately, someone is more likely to recover if they choose to seek help themselves. But honest, caring conversations can plant the seed that leads them there. Be patient, have conversations and remain a supportive, non-judgmental ally to the person you are worried about.10
If you’re not sure how to approach the topic, Smarmore Castle can help. Our team can offer advice, or help you stage an intervention. Contact us to find out more.
Alcohol Addiction Treatment at Smarmore Castle
Contact a member of our team to find out more about our alcohol addiction rehab programme.
Alcohol Rehab Treatment at Smarmore Castle
At Smarmore Castle, we provide personalised treatment programmes for alcohol addiction in a calm, structured environment. Every individual is different, which is why we offer a range of options to suit your needs.
Our alcohol rehab programme includes medical care, psychological therapy, and holistic support – all aimed at helping you achieve long-term recovery. We offer medically supervised detox, where you will be safely supported by our experienced and caring medical team through alcohol withdrawal.
If you are concerned about the effects of alcohol or are worried about someone close to you, book a free consultation to find out more.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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What are the warning signs of alcohol addiction?
Warning signs of alcohol addiction can vary between individuals, especially in the early stages. Common signs include:
- Drinking more often or in larger amounts
- Becoming reliant on alcohol to relax, cope, or function
- Changes in behaviour or mood, such as irritability or low mood
In more advanced stages, you may notice alcohol tolerance, intense cravings, and physical withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.
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How does alcoholism affect mental health?
Alcoholism can have a significant impact on mental health. It can lead to changes in mood, such as depression and anxiety, as well as ‘brain fog’ or difficulty processing information. Alcohol can worsen existing mental health conditions, and it is common for addiction and mental health problems to co-occur.
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Who is most at risk of alcohol addiction?
Certain people may be more vulnerable to alcohol addiction due to:
- Genetic factors (family history of addiction)
- Environmental factors (such as early exposure to alcohol)
- Social influences (peer pressure, stress, or trauma)
No single factor causes addiction on its own. It’s usually a combination of several risk factors, along with a person’s drinking patterns, that leads to alcohol dependence.
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What is the difference between alcohol addiction and casual drinking?
The key difference is control. Casual drinking is within recommended low-risk limits and does not cause harm. Alcohol addiction involves cravings for alcohol and the act of compulsively seeking alcohol to drink. Addiction frequently causes negative consequences to life and health, which are less frequently seen with casual drinking within the recommended low-risk drinking limits.
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How can I help someone who doesn’t think they have a problem with alcohol?
Supporting someone in denial can be difficult, but there are steps you can take:
- Choose a calm, non-judgmental time to talk
- Gently share your concerns
- Avoid enabling behaviours (like covering for them or supplying alcohol)
- Set healthy boundaries
- Encourage them to seek help, but avoid pressure or ultimatums
Patience and ongoing support often have the most impact.10
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What are some common myths about alcohol addiction?
There are several misconceptions about alcohol addiction. Common myths include:
- Myth: Addiction is a choice
- Myth: Only certain people become addicted
- Myth: You can stop drinking any time without help
In reality, alcohol addiction is a medical condition that can affect anyone. Support, treatment, and education are key to recovery.
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References
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The Cycle of Alcohol Addiction. [Accessed November 2024].
- World Health Organization (WHO). Alcohol. [Accessed December 2024].
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder. [Accessed December 2024].
- Hartney, E., Gans, S. DSM 5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: How substance use disorders are diagnosed. [Accessed November 2024.]
- US Department of Health and Human Services. Chapter 4: Early Intervention, Treatment, and Management of Substance Use Disorders. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Internet; 2016. PMID: 28252892.
- Varghese, J., Dakhode, S. Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Various Systems of the Human Body: A Systematic Review. Cureus. [2022;14(10): e30057] doi:10.7759/cureus.30057.
- Mental Health Foundation. Alcohol and mental health. [Accessed November 2024].
- Cherney, K., Legg, TJ. Stages of Alcoholism. [Accessed December 2024].
- Fordyce, K., and DerSarkissian, C. MD. (ed.) (2023). Addiction: What Is Denial? [Accessed December 2024].
- Smarmore Castle. Addiction Treatment for a Loved One. [Accessed December 2024].
- Drinkaware. Alcohol dependence. [Accessed December 2024].
- NHS inform. Low-risk drinking guidelines. [Accessed December 2024].
- Gold, MS., Marano, HE. (2024). The 10 Most Common Myths About Addiction. [Accessed December 2024].